<<PREVIOUS - HOME - CONTENTS - NEXT>>
QSO -

Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs) Near NGC253 Sculptor Galaxy

QSOs and Faint Galaxies Near NGC253 Sculptor Galaxy from Sky Tools 3c Pro QSOs Labels with Magnitudes

NGC253 Sculptor Galaxy Information
NGC253 Sculptor Galaxy, Silver Coin or Silver Dollar Galaxy

• Faint galaxy and star analysis in NGC253 image
• SEDS
• Wikipedia
• NOAO The Sculptor Galaxy, NGC253

Nothing compares to imaging the visual limits of the observable universe at a redshift of 4.149044 (Light Travel-Time: 11.831 Gyr) with a 4 inch refractor and a QSI 532 camera with 122 minutes of imaging at the Oregon Star Party 2008 that cold, partly cloudy and windy Sunday morning. This is "Cool" astro imaging and observing.

Below is the analysis for the 17 QSOs identified by Sky Tools 3c Pro in the NGC253 image. The 2X scaled images are calibrated images with darks and are with stretched with the black and white points to see the faint details. No other image processing like sharpening was done on the 2X scaled images.

Largest QSO redshift is BRI J0048-2442 at 4.149044. QSO BRI J0048-2442 light travel-time is over twice the age of our solar system.

Faintest QSO is [VCV96] Q 0048-2526 at 20 magnitude.

Detailed QSO Analysis in the NGC 253 Image

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) BRI J0048-2442 Information

BRI J0048-2442 on Sky Tools Pro chart (top center edge)

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

BRI J0048-2442 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 4.149044 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 11.831 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 4.149044: 1.468 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.94

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [WHO91] 0043-259 Information

Q 0043-259 on Sky Tools Pro chart (center lower left) is [WHO91] 0043-259

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[WHO91] 0043-259 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 3.309050 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 11.386 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 3.309050: 1.913 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 19.06

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [HB89] 0045-258 Information

CS 35 on Sky Tools Pro chart (center lower left) is [HB89] 0045-258

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[HB89] 0045-258 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 2.520053 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 10.721 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 2.520053: 2.578 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 19.6

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [CT83] 034 Information

CT 34 on Sky Tools Pro chart (center lower left) is [CT83] 034

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[CT83] 034 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 2.500048 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 10.699 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 2.500048: 2.600 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 17.15

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [HB89] 0048-261 Information

Q 0048-261 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom left corner) is QSO [HB89] 0048-261

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[HB89] 0048-261 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 2.248062 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 10.398 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 2.248062: 2.901 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.2

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [VCV96] Q 0048-2526 Information

Q 0048-2526 on Sky Tools Pro chart (left center) is QSO [VCV96] Q 0048-2526

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[VCV96] Q 0048-2526 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 2.109054 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 10.207 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 2.109054: 3.092 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 20.0

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) LBQS 0048-2545 Information

Q 0048-2545 on Sky Tools Pro chart (left center) is QSO LBQS 0048-2545

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

LBQS 0048-2545 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 2.081058 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 10.166 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 2.081058: 3.133 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.22

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) LBQS 0047-2538 Information

Q 0047-2538 on Sky Tools Pro chart (left center) is QSO LBQS 0047-2538

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

LBQS 0047-2538 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 1.968055 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 9.991 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 1.968055: 3.308 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.35

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [WHB96] 0041-2608 Information

Q 0041-2608 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom right corner) is [WHB96] 0041-2608

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[WHB96] 0041-2608 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 1.719048 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 9.545 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 1.719048: 3.754 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 19.0

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [WHO91] 0041-262 Information

Q 0041-262 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom right corner) is [WHO91] 0041-262

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[WHO91] 0041-262 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 1.719048 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 9.545 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 1.719048: 3.754 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 19.56

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [HB89] 0046-251 Information

CS 40 on Sky Tools Pro chart (center top) is [HB89] 0046-251

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[HB89] 0046-251 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 1.516046 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 9.104 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 1.516046: 4.195 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: ?

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) LBQS 0045-2606 Information

Q 0045-2606 on Sky Tools Pro chart (left side, top of center) is QSO LBQS 0045-2606

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

LBQS 0045-2606 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 1.241056 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 8.360 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 1.241056: 4.939 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.05

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) LBQS 0047-2522 Information

Q 0047-2522 on Sky Tools Pro chart (left side, top of center) is QSO LBQS 0047-2522

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

LBQS 0047-2522 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 1.183052 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 8.176 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 1.183052: 5.123 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.73

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [WHO91] 0048-259 Information

Q 0048-259 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom left corner) is [WHO91] 0048-259

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[WHO91] 0048-259 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 0.779059 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 6.536 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 0.779059: 6.763 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.36

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [HB89] 0045-260 Information

PHL 2981 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom center) is [HB89] 0045-260

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[HB89] 0045-260 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 0.485056 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 4.776 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 0.485056: 8.523 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.6

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) LBQS 0042-2550 Information

Q 0042-2550 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom right corner) is LBQS 0042-2550

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

LBQS 0042-2550 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 0.453046 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 4.544 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 0.453046: 8.754 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.29

Quasi-Stellar Object (QSO) [HB89] 0044-261 Information

CT 78 on Sky Tools Pro chart (bottom right edge) is [HB89] 0044-261

2X Scale Postive Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image	2X Scale Negative Calibrated Image with Location Marks	NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database Image

[HB89] 0044-261 in NASA/IPAC Extragalactic database information:

• Redshift 0.128054 as corrected to the Reference Frame defined by the 3K Microwave Background Radiation
• Light Travel-Time: 1.572 Gyr
• Age at Redshift 0.128054: 11.727 Gyr
• Age of Universe: 13.299 Gyr
• Magnitude and Filter: 18.3

Image Information

• Field of view: 118 arcminutes wide x 77.1 arcminutes high
• Top image is half size
• North is top and west is right
  
• Exposure: 61 images x 120 seconds per image (122 minutes total)
• CCD-TEMP: -30°C
• Astronomik Type IIc Luminance filter
• Guided

Observing Information

• OBS-Location: Oregon Star Party (OSP), OR USA
• DATE-Local = August 31, 2008
• TIME-Local of first image = 1:28 AM
• TIME-Local of last image = 3:54 AM
• NGC253 was low on the horzion starting at 16°43' altitude at 1:28 AM and rising to 19°41' at 3:54 AM
• NGC253 altitude is the red dashed line in the Sky Tools 3c Pro screen below.
• NGC253 altitude never gets above the green horizontal line which represents the two airmass altitude.
• The blue line is NGC253 imaging quality throughout the night.

Imaging Equipment

• CCD camera: QSI 532ws-M1 (9.7mm x 14.9mm)
• Telescope: Tele Vue NP-101is APO refractor (4 inch dia., focal length = 540, f/5.4)
• Focal reducer: Tele Vue NPR-1073 0.8X (focal length = 432, f/4.3, 3.24 arcsec/pix)
• Telescope mount: Orion Telescopes and Binoculars Atlas EQ-G Mount with GoTo Controller
• Tripod: Losmandy G-11 tripod
• Guide camera: Orion Telescopes and Binoculars StarShoot AutoGuider
• Guide scope: 40mm dia., 250mm focal length
• Guiding software: Stark Labs PHD Guiding

Imaging Processing

• AIP4WIN V2.2
  • Series Analysis Tool Whole-Image Statistics on 64 darks, SeriesAnalysisQSI532Darks-30c20080420.txt
  • Series Analysis Tool Whole-Image Statistics on 61 images, SeriesAnalysisNGC253-20080831.txt
  
• Diffraction Limited MaxIm DL V5.02
  • Create master dark with SD Mask combine
  • Calibrate images with master dark
  • Create master dark with SD Mask
  • Create master calibrated image with stack, Auto - star matching and SD Mask combine
  • Information: Measure Signal to Noise of the background with no stars
    • Background average 321.026/background Std Dev 1.273 = Signal to Noise 252.18
  • Digital Development Auto with Kernal- User Filter to no sharpening
  • Curves to stretch image accross 16-bits
  • Local Adaptive Filter, Radius 3 and Contrast 2.5
  • Screen Stretch using Max Value: 0 to 66914
  • Save as FIT
  • Save as 16-bit TIFF for Photoshop, Stretch, Linear Only, Input Range Screen Stretch, Output Range 16-bit
• Adobe Photoshop CS3 10.0.1
  • Smart Sharpen
  • Reduce Noise
  • Crop stacking edge affects
  • Resize
  • Brighten image for JPG
  • Save as JPG for webpage

Monitor Test Pattern

The following test pattern is to help you adjust your monitor to best view the CCD astro images. The test pattern is used for adjusting monitor brightness, and contrast. Adjust monitor brightness and contrast to see all 16 gray scale levels. The most important adjustment when viewing astro images is to see the differences in all of the black bands.

© 1998-2008 David Haworth