ÿþ<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Supernovae SN 2011fe Spectrum</TITLE> <LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF="../misc/css1.css" TITLE="CSS1"> </HEAD> <BODY TEXT=white LINK=aqua VLINK=white ALINK=yellow BGCOLOR=black> <CENTER> <P CLASS=header><A HREF="3C273.html">&lt;&lt;PREVIOUS</A> - <A HREF="../index.html">HOME</A> - <A HREF="../misc/contents.html">CONTENTS</A> - <A HREF="SN2011feFullSize.html">NEXT&gt;&gt;</A><BR> <A HREF="index.html">SPECTROSCOPY INDEX</A> - <A HREF="../misc/whatsnew.html"><IMG SRC="../gif/newcola.gif" ALT="New" WIDTH=28 HEIGHT=18 BORDER=0 ALIGN=ABSMIDDLE></A> </P> <TABLE BGCOLOR=BLACK CELLPADDING=2 WIDTH=1024> <TR> <TD> <H2>Supernovae SN 2011fe Spectrum</H2> <BR> <CENTER> <TABLE BGCOLOR=GRAY CELLPADDING=1> <TR ALIGN=CENTER> <TD> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSizeSpectrum.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/M101MasterNdownCrop.jpg" ALT="Supernovae SN 2011fe Spectrum" WIDTH=576 HEIGHT=76 BORDER=0 ALIGN=MIDDLE></A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE BGCOLOR=GRAY CELLPADDING=1> <TR ALIGN=CENTER> <TD> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSizeSpectrum.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/M101MasterNdownCropNeg.jpg" ALT="Supernovae SN 2011fe Spectrum" WIDTH=576 HEIGHT=76 BORDER=0 ALIGN=MIDDLE></A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <P>&nbsp;<BR><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>The above spectrum image is a positive and negative image of <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova">supernovae</A> <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_2011fe">SN 2011fe</A> in <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=M101&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES">M101 (NED)</A>. The images are 100 percent image scale and are cropped from the <A HREF="SN2011feFullSizeSpectrum.html">full size image</A>. We see the light that arrived from the supernovae 16 million light years after it occurred. </P> <P> The round <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_grating">spectral order zero</A> is on the left side of the image and its first order <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazed_grating">blazed grating</A> <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum">spectrum</A> is on the right side. It is standard to show the spectrum with the short wavelengths on the left and the long wavelengths on the right. Therefore, north is at the bottom edge of the above images. <UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.supernovae.net/isn.htm"> International Supernovae Network (I.S.N.)</A> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2011/sn2011fe.html">Supernovae 2011fe in M101</A> by David Bishop (large list of links) <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/7212/montes/sne.html">Supernova and Supernova Remnant Pages on the WWW</A> by Marcos J. Montes (large list of links) </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Locating Supernovae SN 2011fe</B></P> <CENTER> <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://cas.sdss.org/astrodr7/en/tools/chart/navi.asp?ra=210.77025892&dec=54.27216565"><IMG SRC="jpg/capture_003_25092011_064755c.jpg" ALT="SDSS Image before the supernovae" WIDTH=840 HEIGHT=543 BORDER=0></A> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>The screen capture is a <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://cas.sdss.org/astrodr7/en/tools/chart/navi.asp?ra=210.77025892&dec=54.27216565">SDSS image</A> before the supernovae at R.A. = 14:03:05.80, Decl. = +54:16:25.3. <LI>Click on screen capture to go to SDSS Navigate Tool. </UL> <CENTER> <TABLE BGCOLOR=GRAY CELLPADDING=1> <TR ALIGN=CENTER> <TD> <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://cas.sdss.org/astrodr7/en/tools/chart/navi.asp?ra=210.77025892&dec=54.27216565"><IMG SRC="jpg/capture_004_25092011_072102c1.jpg" ALT="SDSS Image before the supernovae" WIDTH=510 HEIGHT=512 BORDER=0 ALIGN=MIDDLE></A> </TD> <TD> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSize.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/capture_004_25092011_072102c2.jpg" ALT="20 minute image with Vancouver, WA USA light pollution" WIDTH=405 HEIGHT=406 BORDER=0 ALIGN=MIDDLE></A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>The left side screen capture is a zoomed out SDSS image before the supernovae. <UL> <LI>Click on screen capture to go to SDSS Navigate Tool and then zoom out twice. </UL> <LI>The right side image is a 20 minute image with Vancouver, WA USA light pollution. <UL> <LI>Click on image to see full size image. <LI>The faint objects in this image include: <UL> <LI>17.41 magnitude galaxy, SDSS object ID <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://cas.sdss.org/astrodr7/en/tools/quicklook/quickobj.asp?id=587735695913386218">587735695913386218</A> <LI>17.57 magnitude galaxy, SDSS object ID <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://cas.sdss.org/astrodr7/en/tools/quicklook/quickobj.asp?id=587735665305518322">587735665305518322</A> <LI>18.11 magnitude star, SDSS object ID <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://cas.sdss.org/astrodr7/en/tools/quicklook/quickobj.asp?id=587735665305518385">587735665305518385</A> </UL> </UL> </UL> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>CCD Camera Rotation</B></P> <P> Five minutes images were taken of the supernovae to check the areas to the left and to the right of supernovae for no stars, M101 HII regions, etc. Objects to the left and right of suppernovea will cause inaccuracies in the supernovae spectrum analysis. </P> <CENTER> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSize.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/M101-003N300CalCrop.jpg" ALT="Not clear area to left and right of supernovae " WIDTH=860 HEIGHT=165 BORDER=0></A> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>The above image is an example of poor camera alignment with stars on boths sides of the supernovae. <LI>Also, there is a bright M101 H± region to the far left side of the supernovae. <LI>There is not a clear area to the left and right of supernovae. <LI>Stars and HII regions of M101 will cause problems with the supernovae spectrum analysis. <LI>North is at the bottom of the image. </UL> <CENTER> <IMG SRC="jpg/M101-004N300CalCrop.jpg" ALT="Clear area to left and right of supernovae " WIDTH=860 HEIGHT=165 BORDER=0> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>The above image is a good camera alignment with clear areas to the left and right of supernovae for its spectrum. <LI>North is at the bottom of the image. </UL> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>3-D Spectrum Area Plot</B></P> <CENTER> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSizeSpectrum.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/capture_006_25092011_080558c2.jpg" ALT="Spectrum Area Plot Selection" WIDTH=573 HEIGHT=73 BORDER=0></A> <BR> <IMG SRC="jpg/capture_007_25092011_080646c1.jpg" ALT="Spectrum Area Plot" WIDTH=779 HEIGHT=311 BORDER=0> <BR> <IMG SRC="jpg/capture_006_25092011_080558c1.jpg" ALT="Spectrum Area Plot" WIDTH=779 HEIGHT=311 BORDER=0> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>Area plot aspect ratio is not square. <LI>MaxIm DL area plot. </UL> <CENTER> <IMG SRC="jpg/capture_008_25092011_080724c.jpg" ALT="Spectrum maximum Plot" WIDTH=779 HEIGHT=311 BORDER=0> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>Spectrum maximum in area plot selection. <LI>MaxIm DL Horizontal Box Graph. <LI>Maximum supernovae spectrum data with zero order <A HREF="data/ProfileofM101MasterNdownCrop.txt">ProfileofM101MasterNdownCrop.txt</A> in CSV format. <LI>SN 2011fe FIT image file <A HREF="data/SN2011feNdownCrop.zip">SN2011feNdownCrop.zip</A>. </UL> </UL> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Spectrum Chart (Not calibrated for the instrument response)</B></P> <CENTER> <IMG SRC="jpg/SN2011feCal.jpg" ALT="Supernovae SN 2011fe Spectrum Chart" WIDTH=1073 HEIGHT=606 BORDER=0> </CENTER> <UL> <LI>This <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova">supernovae</A> spectrum shows the wavelength calibration of the horziontal axis in <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angstrom">angstroms</A> (Å). <LI>The vertical axis is the spectrum intensity that has not been calibrated for the instrument response curve. <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1a_supernova">Supernovae type Ia</A> is defined by the absence of <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_spectral_series">hydrogen lines</A> in their maximum optical spectra and the presence of a singly <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization">ionized</A> <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon">Silicon</A> (<A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook/Tables/silicontable6.htm">Si II</A>) absorption near 6150 Å. <LI>Supernovae type Ia is detonation or deflagration of an accreting white dwarf (<A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://youtu.be/5YZkAoR3WLE">Type IA Supernovae YouTube</A>). <LI>Every supernovae type Ia is cause by the collapse of a <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dwarf">white dwarf</A> of 1.4 <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_masses">solar mass</A> because of the <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_Limit">Chandrasekhar limit</A>. <LI>RSpec spectrum chart. </UL> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>References</B></P> <UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~qzhang/seminar1bfigs/node8.html">Figure 6: Early spectral evolution of type Ia.</A> <LI>D.&nbsp;Branch et&nbsp;al. Comparative Direct Analysis of Spectra of Type Ia Supernovae. I. SN 1994D. <em>PASP</em>, 117, 545, 2005. [&nbsp;<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0503165">arXiv</a>&nbsp;] <LI>D.&nbsp;Branch et&nbsp;al. Comparative Direct Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Spectra. II. Maximum Light <em>PASP</em>, 118, 560, 2006. [&nbsp;<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0601048">arXiv</a>&nbsp;] <LI>D.&nbsp;Branch et&nbsp;al. Comparative Direct Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Spectra. III. Premaximum <em>PASP</em>, 119, 709, 2007. [&nbsp;<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0706.0081">arXiv</a>&nbsp;] <LI>D.&nbsp;Branch et&nbsp;al. Comparative Direct Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Spectra. IV. Postmaximum. <em>PASP</em>, 120:135-149, February 2008. [&nbsp;<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0712.2436">arXiv</a>&nbsp;] <LI>D.&nbsp;Branch et&nbsp;al. Optical Spectra of the Type Ia Supernova 1998aq. <em>AJ</em>, 126:1489-1498, September 2003. [&nbsp;<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:astro-ph/0305321">arXiv</a>&nbsp;] </UL> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Spectrum Chart Wavelength Calibration</B></P> <UL> <LI>The first choice in calibrating the x axis is to find a spectral type A star (zero order and spectrum) with Balmer absorption lines in the supernovae image. No bright spectral type A stas were found in the image. <LI>Upon analyzing the image there are several M101 HII regions <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC319268/pdf/pnas00655-0022.pdf">(Spectrophotometry of H II regions in the spiral galaxy M101 by K. E. SEDWICK AND L. H. ALLER)</A> that show strong emission bands in H± 6563 Å, H² 4861 Å OIII 4959 Å and OIII 5007 Å. <LI>The <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=NGC+5461&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES">NGC 5461 (NED)</A> HII spectrum was used to determine the x axis wavelength in angstroms calibration. <UL> <LI>The below screen capture show the NGC 5461 HII region spectrum and its pixels values (north is at the bottom of the image). <LI>At the top of the screen capture is the supernovae. <BR> &nbsp; <CENTER> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSizeSpectrum.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/capture_060_25092011_163231c.jpg" ALT="NGC 5461 HII region" WIDTH=767 HEIGHT=560 BORDER=0></A> </CENTER> <CENTER> <IMG SRC="jpg/NGC5461.jpg" ALT="NGC 5461 HII Spectrum Chart" WIDTH=1073 HEIGHT=606 BORDER=0> </CENTER> <LI>NGC 5461 zero order is at 13.2 pixels. <LI>NGC 5461 H² 4861 Å, OIII 4959 Å and OIII 5007 Å weighted mean is 4971.115 Å (see <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC319268/pdf/pnas00655-0022.pdf">(Spectrophotometry of H II regions in the spiral galaxy M101 by K. E. SEDWICK AND L. H. ALLER)</A>) at 282.5 pixels. <UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_mean">Weighted mean</A> of NGC 5461 H² 4861 Å, OIII 4959 Å and OIII 5007 Å equals ((4861 Å * 100) + (4959 Å * 113) + (OIII 5007 Å * 345))/(100 + 113 + 345) = 4971.115 Å <LI>Intensities 100, 113 and 345 are from <I>Table 2. Corrected spectral line intensities, reddening parameters, and electron temperatures for objects in M101</I> in <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC319268/pdf/pnas00655-0022.pdf">(Spectrophotometry of H II regions in the spiral galaxy M101 by K. E. SEDWICK AND L. H. ALLER)</A> </UL> <LI>NGC 5461 H± 6563 is at 370.2 pixels. <LI>Therefore, there is 18.1485 Å/pixel between H± 6563 Å and H² 4861 Å, OIII 4959 Å and OIII 5007 Å weight mean (4971.115 Å). <BR>&nbsp; <LI>M101 supernovae x axis angstroms calibration. <UL> <LI>Supernovae zero order pixel location is 13.4 pixel. 0.2 pixel more than the NGC 5461 zero order. <LI>The H² 4861 Å, OIII 4959 Å and OIII 5007 Å weight mean (4971.115 Å) at 282.5 pixels is adjusted from 282.5 to 282.7 pixels. <LI>One point wavelength calibration with 18.1485 Å/pixel is used with 282.7 pixels at 4971.115 Å as the reference point. </UL> <BR>&nbsp; <LI>The vertical axis is the spectrum intensity that has not been calibrated for the instrument response curve. <BR>&nbsp; <LI>RSpec Data files <A HREF="data/NGC5461.zip">NGC5461.zip</A> <UL> <LI>Raw data: ProfileNGC5461Box1281x712y1685x732y.dat <LI>NGC5461.dat <LI>NGC5461.ini </UL> <LI>RSpec Data files <A HREF="data/SN2011fe.zip">SN2011fe.zip</A> <UL> <LI>Raw data: ProfileSN2011fe.dat <LI>SN2011feCal.dat <LI>SN2011feCal.ini </UL> <LI>RSpec spectrum chart. </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Spectrum Chart Wavelength Comparsion</B></P> <CENTER> <IMG SRC="jpg/SN2011feCalRef.jpg" ALT="Supernovae SN 2011fe Spectrum Chart" WIDTH=1073 HEIGHT=606 BORDER=0> </CENTER> <P>The above spectrum comparsion provides feedback on how well using NGC 5461 in the image worked for spectrum wavelength calibration. <UL> <LI>The white spectrum with red data points is the spectrum calibrated from NGC 5461 HII region in the image. The vertical axis is the spectrum intensity that has not been calibrated for the instrument response curve. <LI>The blue spectrurm is <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.astronomie-amateur.fr/">Francois Teyssier's</A> spectrum taken on 23.785/09/2011 with a LISA + SC25cm + Starlight SXV-H9 and has been calibrated for the instrument response. Data (sn2011fe_20110924_785_teyssier.dat) is at <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://astrosurf.com/aras/surveys/supernovae/sn2011fe/obs.html">SN 2011fe in Messier 101 (NGC 5457) </A> by ARAS. The vertical axis is the spectrum intensity that has been calibrated for the instrument response curve. <LI>RSpec spectrum chart. </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Signal to Noise Ratio</B></P> <CENTER> <TABLE BGCOLOR=GRAY CELLPADDING=1> <TR ALIGN=CENTER> <TD> <A HREF="SN2011feFullSizeSpectrum.html"><IMG SRC="jpg/capture_002_24092011_213442c1.jpg" ALT="MaxIm DL Background Measurement Selection" WIDTH=596 HEIGHT=118 BORDER=0 ALIGN=MIDDLE></A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> &nbsp; <IMG SRC="jpg/capture_002_24092011_213442c2.jpg" ALT="MaxIm DL Background Measurement Selection" WIDTH=297 HEIGHT=244 BORDER=0 ALIGN=RIGHT> <P>The following MaxIm DL background measurements are of the above white selection box that is between the zero order of the supernovae and its spectrum. <UL> <LI>Background Average: 929.956 <UL> <LI>This high background level is from Portland, OR and Vancouver, WA USA light pollution. </UL> <LI>Background Standard Deviation: 4.249 <LI>Background Average/Standard Deviation: 218.86 background to noise ratio. <LI>Spectrum Maximum: 1868.581 <LI>(Spectrum Maximum Signal - Background Average)/(Background Standard Deviation) = Spectrum Maximum to Background Noise Ratio: 220.90 </UL> &nbsp; </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><A HREF="../ip/index.html"><B>Imaging Processing</B></A> <UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" href="http://www.willbell.com/aip/index.htm">AIP4WIN</A> V2.3.0 Series Analysis on all images and calibration frames. <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.cyanogen.com">Diffraction Limited</A> MaxIm DL V5.07. <UL> <LI>Create master dark with SD Mask combine (3 passes and 0.50 sigma factor) of 54 darks (5 minutes each at 18&#176;C). <LI>Create master flat from dawn light. <UL> <LI>SD Mask combine (3 passes and 0.50 sigma factor) 93 0.3 second flats darks. <LI>Dark calibrate each flat. <LI>SD Mask combine (3 passes and 0.50 sigma factor) 128 0.3 second flats with linear normalization, area 50%, ignore pixels over 65,000. </UL> <LI>Calibrate the 12 supernovae images (5 minutes each at 18&#176;C) with master dark and master flat. <LI>SD Mask combine (3 passes and 0.50 sigma factor) the 12 images with linear normalization, area 50%, ignore pixels over 65,000. <LI>Save as FIT. <LI>Crop and save as FIT and JPG (image at top of this web page). </UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.rspec-astro.com">Field Tested Software</A> RSpec V1.3.0 (Build: 39). <UL> <LI>Spectrum analysis </UL> </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Observing Information</B> <UL> <LI>OBS-Location: Home on the driveway at <A HREF="../misc/portland.html">Camas</A>, WA USA, 16.6 miles East-North-East from the center of Portland, OR and east of Vancouver, WA. <LI>Image taken through the Portland, OR and Vancouver, WA. USA sky glow. <LI>12 by 5 minutes images stacked (60 mintues total). <LI>Frist image taken at 9-23-2011 9:49 pm PDT ( 9-24-2011 4:49 <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_time">UTC</A>) <UL> <LI>DD-MM-YYYY 24.201-09-2011 UTC </UL> <LI>Last image taken at 9-23-2011 10:54 pm PDT ( 9-24-2011 5:28 <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_time">UTC</A>) <UL> <LI>DD-MM-YYYY 24.228-09-2011 UTC </UL> <LI>Sunset at 7:06 pm PDT. <LI>Twilight ends 8:46 pm PDT. <LI>Images for testing clear path for supernovae spectrum 9:07 to 9:28 pm PDT. <LI>Spectrum focusing on Vega 9:30 to 9:42 pm PDT. <LI>Supernovae spectrum imaging started at 9:49 pm PDT. First image was Azm: 321°26'10" Alt: +24°22'23", Air mass: 2.24 (6 images). <LI>85-Eta Ursae Majoris spectrum imaging 10:18 to 10:21 pm PDT. Imaging was stopped when 85-Eta Ursae Major went behind the trees. <LI>Second group of supernovae spectrum image was from 10:28 to 10:54 pm PDT. Last image was Azm: 328°00'42" Alt: +17°07'29", Air mass: 3.38 (6 images). Imaging was stopped when the supernovae went behind the trees. <LI>Vega spectrum imaging 2:21 to 2:29 am PDT. Imaging was stopped when the Vega went behind the trees. </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P><B>Imaging Equipment</B> <IMG SRC="../NSI2011/jpg/DSC_9782.jpg" ALT="Rainbow Optics Diffraction Spectroscopy Telescope" WIDTH=408 HEIGHT=472 BORDER=0 ALIGN=RIGHT> </CENTER> <P> Rainbow Optics 200 lines/mm diffraction grating spectroscope was used for a low resolution spectrum of the supernovae. The right side photo of the telescope was taken at Pine Mountain Observatory. </P> <UL> <LI>Camera: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.qsimaging.com/">QSI</A> 532ws-M1 CCD camera. <LI>Diffraction grating: <A TARGET="_top" href="http://www.starspectroscope.com/">Rainbow Optics</A> Visual, Photo and CCD Star Spectroscope filter mounted in the QSI532 filter wheel. <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.edmundoptics.com">Edmund Optics</A> T-Mount Extension Tube 20mm (<A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.edmundoptics.com/onlinecatalog/displayproduct.cfm?productID=1285">NT53-231</A>). <LI>Focal Reducer/Corrector: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.telescope.com">Orion</A> Argonaut&#153; 1800mm to 1440mm, f/12 to f/9.6, 0.8X. <LI>Telescope: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.telescope.com">Orion</A> Argonaut&#153; 150mm Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope, f/12 focal ratio, 1800mm focal length. <LI>Finder: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.telescope.com">Orion</A> Black 9x50 Right-Angle Correct-Image Finder Scope. <LI>1X Finder: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.telescope.com">Orion</A> EZ Finder Deluxe Telescope Reflex Sight. <LI>Guide camera: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.meade.com">Meade</A> Deep Sky Imager PRO. <LI>Guide telescope: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.stellarvue.com">Stellarvue</A> SV 70ED. <LI>Mount: <A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.astro-physics.com/">Astro-Physics</A> Mach1GTO German Equatorial Mount with GTOCP3 Control Box. </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <P>Supernovae SN 2011fe <A HREF="links.html"><IMG SRC="../gif/links3.gif" ALT="Links" WIDTH=74 HEIGHT=30 BORDER=0 ALIGN=MIDDLE></A> <UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=3599">Near Infrared Spectrum of SN Ia 2011fe Resembles Fast Decliners Observed A Week Before Maximum</A> by ATel #3599; Harvard, CfA <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://astrosurf.com/aras/surveys/supernovae/sn2011fe/obs.html">SN 2011fe in Messier 101 (NGC 5457) </A> by ARAS <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://astrosurf.com/buil/supernovae/2011/obs.htm">SN 2011fe in Messier 101 (NGC 5457)</A> by Christian Buil <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.astronomie-amateur.fr/feuilles/SuperNovae.html">Supernovae SN 2011fe series of spectrums</A> by Francois Teyssier <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://gabalou.canalblog.com/">Hi resolution échelle spectra of SN2011fe</A> by Terry Tuggle <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.flickr.com/photos/snimages/6134386740/">Supernovae SN 2011fe spectrum with Star Analyzer</A> by Ron Arbour <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.aau.telebus.de/Ver_7/user/Torsten_Hansen/SN2011fe20110830/20110830und0901SN2011few.jpg">Supernovae SN 2011fe spectrum with Star Analyzer</A> by Torsten Hansen <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.flickr.com/photos/snimages/6133078722/">Supernovae SN 2011fe spectrum chart with a Star Analyzer</A> by Eric Briggs <UL> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.flickr.com/photos/snimages/6133078778/">Supernovae SN 2011fe spectrum image with a Star Analyzer</A> <LI><A TARGET="_top" HREF="http://www.flickr.com/photos/snimages/6163864653/">Supernovae SN 2011fe color spectrum image with a Star Analyzer</A> </UL> </UL> </P> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <H2><A HREF="../messier/testpatterns.html">Monitor Test Pattern</A></H2></CENTER> <P>The following test pattern is to help you adjust your monitor to best view the CCD astro images. The test pattern is used for adjusting monitor brightness, and contrast. Adjust monitor brightness and contrast to see all 16 gray scale levels. The most important adjustment when viewing astro images is to see the differences in all of the black bands. </P> <CENTER><IMG SRC="../messier/testpicts/16graybar.gif" WIDTH=402 HEIGHT=27></CENTER> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <CENTER><P></P><IMG SRC="../gif/starsbar.gif" WIDTH=500 HEIGHT=8><BR><P></P></CENTER> <CENTER><P CLASS=navfooter> <A HREF="../index.html">Home</A> - <A HREF="../misc/whatsnew.html">What's&nbsp;New</A> - <A HREF="../misc/contents.html">Site&nbsp;Map</A> - <A HREF="../misc/obstypes.html">Observing</A> - <A HREF="../eyes/index.html">Unaided&nbsp;Eye</A> - <A HREF="../binoculars/index.html">Binoculars</A> - <A HREF="../telescopes/index.html">Telescopes</A> - <A HREF="../astrophoto/index.html">Astroimaging</A> - <A HREF="../messier/ccdimages.html">Images</A> - <A HREF="../skyevents/index.html">Sky&nbsp;Events</A> - <A HREF="../darksky/index.html">Dark&nbsp;Sky</A> - <A HREF="../solarsystem/index.html">Solar&nbsp;System</A> - <A HREF="../sun/index.html">Sun</A> - <A HREF="../moon/index.html">Moon</A> - <A HREF="../planets/index.html">Planets</A> - <A HREF="../mars/index.html">Mars</A> - <A HREF="../jupiter/index.html">Jupiter</A> - <A HREF="../saturn/index.html">Saturn</A> - <A HREF="../comets/index.html">Comets</A> - <A HREF="../meteors/index.html">Meteors</A> - <A HREF="../constel/starsindex.html">Stars</A> - <A HREF="../constel/constellations.html">Constellations</A> - <A HREF="../constel/allskymaps.html">Sky&nbsp;Maps</A> - <A HREF="../deepsky/deepsky.html">Deep&nbsp;Sky</A> - <A HREF="../equip/index.html">Equipment</A> - <A HREF="../ip/index.html">Image&nbsp;Processing</A> - <A HREF="../software/index.html">Software</A> - <A HREF="../starparty/index.html">Star&nbsp;Parties</A> - <A HREF="../its/index.html">Imaging&nbsp;the&nbsp;Sky</A> - <A HREF="../portland/index.html">Portland&nbsp;Astronomy</A> - <A HREF="../travels/index.html">Travels</A> - <A HREF="../websites/index.html">Web&nbsp;Sites</A> - <A HREF="../misc/glossary.html">Glossary</A> </P></CENTER> <P ALIGN="CENTER" CLASS=copyright><A HREF="../misc/copyright.html">&copy; 1998-2011 David Haworth</A></P> </BODY> </HTML>